Effect of resistance training on satellite cells in old mice – a transcriptome study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Timeline of the weight loading and resistance training.

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  Fig. 2. Resistance training reversed age-induced muscle strength loss. a) The forelimb muscle strength assessment was performed on the young, MID, and MID + T groups before and after resistance training (n = 6). Meanwhile, the sarcopenia-related serum biomarkers, b) secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC), c) myostatin, and d) musclin were measured by MILLIPLEX multiplex assays (Merck Millipore, USA) (n = 6). GDF, growth differentiation factor; OSTN, osteocrin.

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  Fig. 3. The proportion of satellite cells (SCs) per muscle fibre type in each group. a) The muscle sections were isolated from the young, MID, and MID + T groups and stained with anti-Pax7 antibodies (Red), anti-Lamini antibodies (Green), and Hoechst 33,342 (Blue) by immunofluorescence assay. b) The graphic shows the SC quantification of the immunofluorescence image (n = 6). Arrowheads show Pax7-positive SCs.

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  Fig. 4. The proportion of muscle fibre type was changed by resistance training. a) The muscle sections were isolated from the young, MID, and MID + T groups and stained with anti-MYH7 antibodies (type I: Green), anti-MYH2 antibodies (type IIa: Red), and Hoechst 33,342 (Blue) by immunofluorescence assay (200× magnification). b) The graphic shows the quantification of the immunofluorescence image (n = 6).

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  Fig. 5. The messenger RNA differential expression analysis. a) The graph presents the number of upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed genes in the young/MID and MID+ T/MID groups. b) Cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes from each sample was performed, and log10 (fragments per kilo base per million reads + 1) values were employed for clustering. Highly expressed genes are in red, and weakly expressed genes are in blue.

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  Fig. 6. The number of differentially expressed genes in each gene ontology term is shown in the histogram with the specification of the relevant biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. The differentially expressed genes were obtained from the a) young/MID and b) MID+ T/MID groups.

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  Fig. 7. The protein expression level of activating transcription factor 2 (Atf2), Regulatory Associated Protein Of MTOR Complex 1 (Rptor), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit γ (Ikbkg), and Cyclin D3 (Ccnd3) genes in satellite cells (SCs) from young, MID, and MID+ T groups by western blot assay. The seven-day cultured SCs from each group were lysed and the lysate was subjected to western blot assay with the indicated antibodies. α-Tubulin served as an internal control for amounts of protein loaded on the gel.