Relationships between trait and respiratory parameters during quiet breathing in normal subjects

Fig. 1. The relationship between state and trait anxieties. a Linear plot of state and trait scores in normal subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed (ρ = 0.580, p < 0.01). b Comparison of state scores in the high trait anxiety group (HT) and in the low trait anxiety group (LT). State scores were significantly higher in HT than in LT (*p < 0.05). Median state anxiety in HT and LT were indicated with horizontal bars. The vertical bars indicate the range and the horizontal boundaries of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles

Fig. 2. The relationships between minute ventilation (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{\rm E}$$\end{document}V˙E), end-tidal CO2% (FetCO2), and trait anxiety. a Linear plot of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{\rm E}$$\end{document}V˙E and trait scores. No significant correlation was observed (ρ = 0.384). b Comparison of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{\rm E}$$\end{document}V˙E in HT and in LT. No significant difference was observed in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy}…

Fig. 3. The relationships between tidal volume (V T), respiratory rate (RR) and trait anxiety. a Linear plot of V T and trait scores. A significant negative correlation was observed (ρ = −0.687, p < 0.01). b Comparison of V T in HT and in LT. V T in LT was significantly larger than in HT (*p < 0.05). c Linear plot of RR and trait scores. A significant positive correlation was observed in RR (ρ = 0.749, p < 0.05). d Comparison of RR in HT and in LT. RR in HT was significantly higher than in LT (**p < 0.01). Median V T and RR in HT and LT were indicated with horizontal bars. The vertical bars indicate the range and the horizontal boundaries of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles

Fig. 4. The relationship between inspiratory time (T I), expiratory time (T E), and trait anxiety. a Linear plot of T I and trait scores. A significant negative correlation was observed in T I (ρ = −0.622, p < 0.05). b Comparison of T I in HT and in LT. T I in HT was significantly shorter than in LT (**p < 0.01). c Linear plot of T E and trait scores. A significant negative correlation was observed (ρ = −0.631, p < 0.05). d Comparison of T E in HT and in LT. T E in HT was significantly shorter than in LT (*p < 0.05). Median T I and T E in HT and LT were indicated with horizontal bars. The vertical bars indicate the range and the horizontal boundaries of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles

Fig. 5. The relationship between oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{\rm {V}} {\rm{O_2}}/W$$\end{document}V˙O2/W), heart rate (HR), and trait anxiety. a Linear plot of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{\rm {V}} {\rm{O_2}}/W$$\end{document}V˙O2/W and trait scores. No significant correlation was observed (ρ = 0.209). b Comparison of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{\rm {V}} {\rm{O_2}}/W$$\end{document}V˙O2/W in HT and in LT. No significant difference was observed in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb}…