Anticancer Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell

Background: Cancer treatments present a severe obstable due to inhibitors from conventional therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, such as low bioavailability and resistance to multiple drugs (MDR). Nanomaterials, especially Graphene oxide (GO) and rGO (reduced graphene oxide), and utilize their unique physical and chemical characteristics, multifaceted function, and compatibility with the body, have emerged as new hopeful for cancer treatment. Methods: GO was synthesized and rGO was obtained by reduction with ascorbic acid. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The MTT test was conducted to examine the cytotoxic activities of GO and rGO on MCF-7 breast cancer cells at different concentrations of nanoparticles (6.25-100 ug/mL). Result: The characterization results confirmed that the GO had been successfully reduced to rGO, and rGO displayed superior structural and chemical features. The cytotoxicity assays showed that the viability of MCF-7 cells continuously decreased with increasing doses of both GO and rGO. In the highest concentration (100 µg/mL), the rGO had an average higher rate of cytotoxicity (81%) in comparison to the GO (77.3%). The doses for 50% inhibition (IC50) of the GO and rGO were 21.01 μg/mL and 22.17 μg/mL respectively which demonstrated slightly better activity for rGO. Conclusion: The results indicate the GO and rGO have considerable anticancer activity and the rGO is more effective due to its enhanced structural and chemical properties. This finding supports the managing of graphene-based nanomaterials as new strategies for treating certain types of cancers using availability methods. Modifications to increase their therapeutic applications are necessary.