A short paper and pencil measure of codependency was developed based on a definition of codependency as a dysfunctional pattern of relating to others with an extreme focus outside of oneself, lack of expression of feelings, and personal meaning derived from relationships with others. The scale demonstrated various forms of reliability and validity. Scores on the codependency scale distinguished known groups; furthermore, scores correlated as expected with intrapersonal measures as well as interpersonal perceptions of parenting in the family of origin.
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Fischer et al. (1991) studied this question.
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