Several types of wave energy converter were chosen from the UK Wave Energy Programme to represent shoreline, bottom-fixed nearshore and offshore structures. These were all evaluated for possible deployment in the Hebridean area off the west coast of Scotland. Marine fouling was considered with reference to its physical affinities. Its effects on the various devices were evaluated, together with possible methods of prevention and removal. The overall influence of any deployment of wave energy converters on the inshore environment, changes in the sediment regime and composition of plant and animal communities were examined.
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Thorpe et al. (1993) studied this question.