Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Measurements of apparent fuel sulfur content (aFSC) of ship plumes showed a 10-fold decrease between 2019 and 2021, demonstrating the strong impact the International Maritime Organization regulation change in 2020 had on sulfur emissions from ships.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Lee et al. (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: