Pharmaceutical drug misuse in Australia

The pattern of substance misuse changes over time as the types and availability of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs change.The number of psychoactive drugs and formulations available in Australia has increased substantially in recent years.Increasing exposure puts individuals at risk of dependence and may escalate use and harm, especially for the more vulnerable such as those with a history of mental health problems or substance abuse disorder.A new, hidden population dependent on prescribed or over-the-counter medicines is emerging.The National Pharmaceutical Drug Misuse: Framework for Action has been developed and includes a system to coordinate the safe supply of pharmaceutical drugs subject to misuse. OpioidsRemoval of pethidine from the PBS -because of norpethidine neurotoxicity, misuse liability and selfadministration by health practitioners -has limited