Satellite clock stability analysis depending on the reference clock type

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Knowledge of the GNSS satellite clock error is essential for real-time PPP and other high-rate applications in GNSS positioning. This work presents the characterisation of short-term stability of the atomic GNSS clocks depending on the type of reference clock. Calculations are performed by usage of high-rate 1 s GPS observations on the IGS stations located in Europe. The clock parameters are estimated epoch by epoch using back-substitution steps. Furthermore, there is a clock stability analysis of stations selected as reference clocks in a 2-week period. The analysis presents a characterisation of the GPS satellite clocks as the Allan deviation covering averaging intervals from 2 0 to 2 10 s.