Breast-Feeding, Antiretroviral Prophylaxis, and HIV

More than 200,000 of the 500,000 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections that occur each year in children are the result of transmission of the virus through the mother's breast milk.1 In resource-constrained environments, how do we continue to promote breast-feeding, an important intervention for child survival,2 without exposing more infants to this risk? This fundamental question plagues mothers and caregivers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where such choices are made every day. In resource-constrained settings, current policies with respect to breast-feeding by mothers who are infected with HIV are guided by observational evidence that exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 . . .