Leonurine protects cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction through anti‑apoptosis by the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function, including (A) LVEDD, (B) LVESD and (C) LVEF 28 days after myocardial infarction. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS. n=12 in each group. LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fractional; NS, saline group.

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  Figure 2.. Infarct size 28 days after myocardial infarction. (A) Representative pictures of left ventricles from each group after Masson's Trichrome staining (magnification, ×10). (B) Infarct size as percentages at 28 days. Infarct size is calculated from the ratio of surface area of infarct wall and the entire surface area of the left ventricle. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS. n=6 in each group. NS, saline group.

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  Figure 3.. Collagen content 28 days after myocardial infarction. (A) Representative pictures of left ventricles from each group after Masson's Trichrome staining (magnification, ×200). (B) Collagen content as percentages at 28 days. Collagen content is calculated from the ratio of the collagen area to the area of the entire high-power field. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS. n=6 in each group. NS, saline group.

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  Figure 4.. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis 28 days after myocardial infarction. (A) Immunohistochemistry of TUNEL staining in the border zone (Magnifiaction, ×200). (B) The apoptotic index was quantified at 28 days. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS; n=6 in each group. NS, saline group.

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  Figure 5.. The level of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA 28 days after MI. (A) The level of Bcl-2 and (B) Bax mRNA 28 days after MI. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS; n=6 in each group. NS, saline group; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; MI, myocardial infarction.

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  Figure 6.. Representative immunoblots and quantified results of (A) Bcl-2 and Bax, (B) p-PI3K and PI3K, (C) p-AKT and AKT proteins by western blot analysis 28 days after myocardial infarction. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS. n=6 in each group. Representative immunoblots and quantified results of (D) p-GSK3β and GSK3β and (E) Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 proteins by western blot analysis 28 days after myocardial infarction. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. sham, #P<0.05 vs. NS. n=6 in each group. PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β.