Domains and domain walls in ferroelectric Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 are discussed within the Landau–Ginzburg thermodynamic potential, where two order parameters, each belonging to the same or different irreducible representations, are coupled biquadratically. The x -, z -, and θ-walls observed in the x z -plane and the 90° wall observed in the x y -plane are discussed. The x , z , and 90° walls are characterized in terms of trajectories in the space of two order parameters.
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Ishibashi et al. (2007) studied this question.
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