MHD Natural Convection in a Fully Opened Parallelogrammic Enclosure Filled with Copper–Water Nanofluid and Partially Heated from its Left Sidewall

The present work examined numerically for the first time, the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow and heat transfer in a fully opened parallelogrammic enclosure filled with copper -water nanofluid and subjected to a straight magnetic field.Both the upper and lower inclined walls of the enclosure are kept cold, while its right sidewall is considered fully opened to the environment.The left sidewall of the enclosure is heated partially, while the remaining parts of it are considered thermally insulated.The ranges of this study are, Hartmann number (0  Ha  75), nondimensional heat source location (0.25    0.75), Rayleigh number ( 104  Ra  10 6 ), solid volume fraction (=0.04), and the inclination angle of the upper and the lower walls (-60°    60°).The non-dimensional heat source length is considered fixed at [ = 0.25].For all Hartmann numbers, It was found that for [Ra =10 6 ] , the maximum value of the average Nusselt number corresponds to [-30° ≤  ≤ 0°] , [  = 0°] and [0° ≤  ≤ 30°] when the heat source location equals to [ = 0.25] , [ = 0.5] and [ = 0.75]respectively.