Improvement of the detection probability of orbital angular momentum modes for Hypergeometric-Gaussian type-II beam in turbulent ocean

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In this paper, the method of using a focusing mirror to enhance the detection probability of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of the Hypergeometric-Gaussian type-II (HyGG-II) beam propagation in turbulent ocean is investigated. An analytical expression for the probability of received OAM modes is derived first, and then the effects of different source and oceanic turbulence parameters on detection probability are discussed in detail. It is found that the use of focusing mirrors effectively enhances the detection probability, but this enhancement is limited to the transmission distance range where the HyGG-II beam is converged by the mirrors. Additionally, optimizing beam waist, OAM number, and hollowness parameter enables good detection probability at long distances. Moreover, HyGG-II beams exhibit higher detection probability under oceanic turbulence conditions with smaller mean-squared temperature dissipation rate, larger dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, and lower temperature-salinity contribution ratio.