A method is outlined whereby marker cans are used in colored sand columns to measure the ejecta and ground movements in the vicinity of a crater from a 20-ton surface burst TNT detonation. It is shown that the use of marker cans greatly increases the data obtained from the sand columns, with comparatively little increase in the cost of the operation. Also, data are obtained in the form of displacement vectors which may be compared with the velocity vector field predicted by hydrodynamic theory.
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Diehl et al. (1965) studied this question.