Precision Medicine in Diabetes: state of the art based on recent Consensus

There has long been strong emphasis on personalization in the treatment of diabetes; evidence of individual differences in symptomatology, presentation, behavior, preferences, social status, response to treatment, comorbidity or clinical course have led clinicians to seek greater focus on the individual. However, this approach cannot yet be called Precision Medicine in diabetes. In this article we want to describe the state of the art of Precision Medicine starting from the two Consensus documents published by the Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative (PMDI) born in 2018 within American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) with the aim of understanding the state of the art, the possibilities of application and future lines of research in the construction of a precision medicine applied to diabetes. The five pillars of precision medicine applied to diabetes will be examined: precision diagnosis, precision prevention, precision treatment, precision prognostics and precision monitoring. Following will be described the fields of applications and the possible developments and insights, also within italian diabetological reality. KEY WORDS precision medicine; diabetes; personalization; diagnosis; prevention.