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The effective mode field diameter (MFD) for the second-order (LP11) mode in two-mode fibers is determined to allow estimation of the coupling efficiencies at a splice with axial misalignment. Simulations are performed to verify its validity. In addition, we propose a novel technique for measuring the effective MFD distribution for the LP11mode along two-mode fibers. The technique is based on optical time-domain reflectometry; it conducts measurements in the two-mode region of test fibers and individually observes the LP01and LP11modes of the backscattered light. Its feasibility is demonstrated experimentally.
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Nakamura et al. (2016) studied this question.
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