LC-QTOF-MS characterization of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the traditional Thai Tri-Kalphit tea and their antioxidant activities

: The development of functional beverages from indigenous herbs is a strategic approach to address oxidative stress-related health concerns. This study evaluated the complementary antioxidant potential of Tri-Kalphit tea, a traditional Thai medicinal formula comprising Ocimum sanctum , Alpinia galanga, and Boesenbergia rotunda . Prepared as a traditional aqueous infusion, the tea and its individual components were assessed via DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelating assays. Comparative analysis revealed that each botanical component contributed distinct bioactivities: A. galanga provided superior reducing power, O. sanctum contributed the highest phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity, while B. rotunda excelled in metal chelating activity. The combined Tri-Kalphit remedy exhibited a balanced and potent antioxidant profile, which correlated significantly with its phenolic and flavonoid contents. LC-QTOF-MS analysis tentatively identified 37 phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including several well-recognized antioxidant constituents, providing a chemical basis for the observed antioxidant activity. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of Tri-Kalphit tea and highlight its potential for development as a functional herbal beverage.