Ferromagnetic resonance with applied electric fields has been used to investigate the magnetoelectric effect in a Fe/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 heterostructure. The out-of-plane magnetoelectric effect follows a butterfly behavior in response to electric field, consistent with the linear piezoelectric strain-mediated mechanism. In contrast, the in-plane magnetoelectric effect exhibits a loop-like dependence on electric field. In addition, a relaxation of the in-plane resonant field has been observed after the ferroelectric domains are switched. The loop-like feature and the time-dependent response suggest that the in-plane magnetoelectric coupling involves the 109° switching and relaxation of ferroelectric domains.
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Zhao et al. (2013) studied this question.
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