Integrated master planning and governance strategies for smart livestock complex development in Nonsan, Korea

This study examines the institutional and governance conditions required to implement an integrated master plan for a smart livestock complex, moving beyond a purely technical design framework.The target site was a swine complex in Nonsan, Korea, covering 65,405 m² with about 28,000 pigs in 28 aging barns, generating approximately 132 t of manure per day and more than 120 odor complaints annually.Field surveys, five rounds of stakeholder interviews with 13 farmers and 30 residents, conducted between July and November 2023, and As-Is/To-Be analysis were combined with a review of national funding programs and legal frameworks relevant to livestock complex development in Korea.Stakeholder narratives were analyzed using a thematic coding procedure, revealing distinct concern structures between farmers, who emphasized cost and technical reliability, and residents, who emphasized odor, traffic, and communication.The review of national programs identified a recent restructuring of the Smart Livestock Complex Development Project, which relaxed the minimum site-area requirement and streamlined permitting procedures, and identified the Act on Restructuring and Regeneration Support of Rural Space as a legal basis for designating livestock districts and forming resident councils.Building on this institutional analysis, the study proposes a four-party governance council-local government, farmers, residents, and technical experts-linked to a staged administrative procedure from basic-plan approval to livestock-district designation and permitting consultation.The results indicate that a technically sound master plan requires an explicit governance and funding architecture to be implementable, providing a practical reference for policy design in the reorganization of aging livestock complexes in Korea.