Key result
Poor adherence to medication and salt restriction linked to ~91% higher odds of uncontrolled BP.
Why the study?
Sub-Saharan Africa faces a rising hypertension burden, but adherence to medication and salt restriction and their relationship with blood pressure control were not well assessed across the region.
Does poor adherence to medication and salt restriction increase the likelihood of uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa?
Cross-Sectional (n=2,198)
Yes
Does poor adherence to medication and salt restriction increase the likelihood of uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa?
Poor adherence to medication and salt restriction is highly prevalent and significantly associated with uncontrolled and severe hypertension in urban sub-Saharan Africa, representing a major target for intervention.
Poor adherence to medication/salt restriction linked to uncontrolled BP; supports targeted interventions but leaves causal effects and practice change open for prospective trials.
Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a rising burden of hypertension. Antihypertensive medications and diet are the cornerstone of effective hypertension control. To assess adherence to medication and salt restriction in 12 sub-Saharan countries, and to study the relationship between adherence and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in urban clinics in twelve sub-Saharan countries. Data were collected on demographics, treatment and adequacy of blood pressure control in patients with hypertension attending the clinics. Adherence was assessed by questionnaires completed by the patients. Hypertension grades were defined according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Association between adherence and blood pressure control was investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex and country. Among the 2198 patients, 77.4% had uncontrolled blood pressure, 34.0% were poorly adherent to salt restriction, 64.4% were poorly adherent to medication and 24.6% were poorly adherent to both. Poor adherence to salt restriction (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.72), medication (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25–1.93) or both (OR 1.91 1.39–2.66) was related to uncontrolled blood pressure. Moreover, poor adherence to both medication and salt restriction was related to a 1.52-fold (95% CI 1.04–2.22), 1.8-fold (95% CI 1.22–2.65) and 3.08-fold (95% CI 2.02–4.69) increased likelihood of hypertension grade 1, 2 and 3, respectively. High levels of poor adherence to salt restriction and medication were noted in this urban sub-Saharan study; both were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure, representing major opportunities for intervention to improve hypertension control in sub-Saharan Africa. L’Afrique subsaharienne est confrontée au fardeau croissant de l’hypertension. Les médicaments antihypertenseurs et le régime alimentaire constituent la pierre angulaire d’un contrôle efficace de l’hypertension. Notre étude a pour objet d’évaluer l’adhérence aux traitements médicamenteux et non médicamenteux (restriction sodée) dans 12 pays africains et d’étudier leur impact sur le contrôle de la pression artérielle. Notre étude transversale réalisée auprès des patients consultant en cardiologie, recensait les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les traitements et l’adhérence à l’aide d’un auto-questionnaire. Données cliniques et pression artérielle étaient mesurées par le médecin ; les grades d’hypertension étaient définis selon les recommandations de la Société européenne de cardiologie. L’association entre adhérence et contrôle de la tension artérielle a été étudiée à l’aide de modèles de régressions logistiques multinomiaux. Parmi les 2198 patients inclus, 77,4 % étaient non contrôlés, 34,0 % mauvais adhérents au régime hyposodé, 64,4 % à leurs médicaments et 24,6 % aux deux. La mauvaise adhérence au régime hyposodée(OR: 1,33 (1,03–1,72)), aux médicaments(OR : 1,56 (1,25–1,93)) ou aux deux(OR : 1,91(1,39–2,66)) étaient significativement associées à une pression artérielle non contrôlée. De plus, la faible adhérence était associée à la sévérité de l’hypertension (association entre la faible adhérence et le grade 1, 2, 3 d’hypertension respectivement: OR1 : 1,52(1,02-2,22), OR2 1,8(1,22-2,65) et OR3: 3,08(2,02–4,69)). Notre étude met en lumière l’association entre une faible adhérence à la restriction en sel et aux traitements médicamenteux et un mauvais contrôle de la pression artérielle. Intervenir sur ces deux axes représente une opportunité majeure dans l’amélioration du contrôle de l’hypertension en Afrique subsaharienne.
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Terline et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=2,198). Poor adherence to both medication and salt restriction vs. Good adherence was evaluated on Uncontrolled blood pressure (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.39-2.66). Poor adherence to both medication and salt restriction was significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.39-2.66) in patients with hypertension.
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