Preparation and analysis of tobacco glycosides, and the relationship between glycoside aglycones and pyrolysis products: a review

Glycosides, characterized by high stability and the ability to release characteristic aroma components during combustion, have become an important research focus for enhancing cigarette aroma quality. However, the low extraction and synthesis efficiency of tobacco glycosides, coupled with unclear pyrolysis behavior and aroma release patterns, have hindered their application potential in cigarettes. This paper systematically reviews green extraction techniques and efficient synthesis methods for tobacco glycosides, analyzes the application of modern analytical tools such as chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in glycoside structural identification, and focuses on exploring the mechanisms by which aglycone types influence aroma release pathways and product compositions during pyrolysis. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the precise application of glycosides in cigarettes, holding significant practical value for advancing quality enhancement, aroma improvement, and sustainable development in the tobacco industry.