Zero thrust velocity vector control for interstellar probes - lorentz force navigation and circling

The fundamental equations and conditions governing the interaction of a charged interstellar probe with the magnetic fields existing in interstellar space are examined Since the ion densities in intei stellar space aie veiy low, a substantial voltage can be easily maintained Because of the large distances and long times involved, it is found that the weak forces from the interaction of the interstellar magnetic field with the charge on the probe can build up an appreciable change in the direction of the velocity vector of the probe This change is found to be large enough to allow foi extensive midcourse corrections on a multi-ton, one-way chaiged probe or even to return a smallei probe to its starting point Thus, the propulsive eneigy required to launch a nometurn fly-by piobe to the neaiest stais is also sufficient foi a lound trip probe