L’arresto cardiaco negli impianti sportivi nel 2015: possibili implicazioni epidemiologiche dell’applicazione della “Legge Balduzzi”

Under the Italian Law "Legge Balduzzi", which was issued after the sudden cardiac death of professional athletes Pier Mario Morosini and Vigor Bovolenta in 2012, the presence of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and personnel trained to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be available in every Italian sports facility from 2016. In 2015 the national and local press reported 123 cases of sudden cardiac arrests (SCA) occurring in Italian sport facilities, corresponding to an estimated ≈0.2-0.4% of all SCA and to ≈0.6-1.2% of SCA in public places. The majority of SCA victims were males (93%) and >35 years old (88%, median age 50 years). On the basis of the report of the event on the press, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation was 62% when an AED was used before emergency medical system arrival versus 9% when no bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation or AED use by lay rescuers was mentioned. These data demonstrated that the Law has the potential to increase the survival to SCA in athletes; however, limiting the obligation of the presence of an AED only to sports facilities is not enough to decrease significantly the incidence of SCA in the general population.