The patency of the vascular system is essential to maintain normal tissue function. Fortunately for us, the genetic program of vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts) endows them with the capacity to respond to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli and to rearrange their architecture to maintain adequate blood flow according to the metabolic demand of the tissue. Rapid calibration of lumen diameter can occur through vasomotor control governed by the sympathetic nervous sytem and vasoactive factors.
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Rudic et al. (1999) studied this question.
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