Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cat and dog owners regarding zoonotic disease risks and antimicrobial use in selected subcities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Zoonotic diseases and inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) are important public health concerns, particularly in urban settings where close interaction between humans and companion animals may facilitate disease transmission and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, evidence on pet owners’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, remains limited. This study assessed pet owners’ KAP regarding zoonotic diseases and AMU to inform One Health interventions. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2025 in Addis Ababa among cat and dog owners using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with zoonotic disease prevention and antimicrobial use practices. Results Overall, 51.9% of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of zoonotic diseases, while 58.3% had good knowledge of AMU. However, 43.1% reported poor zoonotic disease prevention practices. Common risky behaviors included allowing pets to roam freely, feeding raw meat, and irregular deworming. Higher educational status, government or health-related occupation, ownership of both cats and dogs, and good zoonotic disease knowledge were positively associated with good preventive practices, whereas male sex and age ≥ 36 years were negatively associated. Good AMU knowledge, higher education, government or health-related occupation, and dog ownership were positively associated with appropriate AMU practices. Conclusion Although respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge and generally positive attitudes, important gaps in zoonotic disease prevention and antimicrobial use practices remain. Strengthening One Health–based public education, responsible pet ownership, antimicrobial stewardship, and veterinary guidance may help reduce zoonotic disease risks and AMR in urban communities.