Narrative review reveals critical warning-to-action gaps for climate-sensitive infections in fragile regions, highlighting the need for integrated triggers and anticipatory financing.
Key Points
Synthesize evidence on climate-sensitive infectious disease risks and early warning systems to establish an operational, climate-informed surveillance-to-action framework in fragile settings.
Synthesized epidemiological and environmental evidence on direct and indirect climate-sensitive infectious disease threats in fragile, conflict-affected contexts.
Evaluated national and international surveillance streams, including early warning networks, nutritional intelligence, WASH monitoring, and community reporting systems.
Surveillance mechanisms adequately capture multi-sectoral risk indicators but fail to translate warning signals into timely, district-level, and pre-financed emergency responses.
Pathogen risks separate into directly climate-sensitive infections (cholera, malaria, dengue, Rift Valley fever) and indirectly amplified vaccine-preventable diseases (measles, polio, diphtheria).
Establishing an operational response model requires pre-agreed triggers, One Health coordination, flexible anticipatory funding, and equitable outreach to displaced and nomadic populations.