Carbon Emission Flow Oriented Distributed Collaborative Scheduling of Multiple Industrial Parks

To achieve low-carbon and economical operation of industrial parks, this paper proposes a two-level sequential optimization framework for the coordinated operation of multiple industrial parks incorporating an extended carbon emission flow (CEF) model. First, an extended CEF model is established in the upper-level model by incorporating the virtual carbon emission characteristics of energy storage systems into the conventional CEF model, thereby enabling the calculation of dynamic node carbon intensity (NCI). The obtained NCI is subsequently transmitted to the lower-level model, which is formulated as a coordinated operation model for multiple industrial parks. Based on the received NCI, peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity and carbon quota trading are incorporated to achieve economical and low-carbon operation through resource sharing. A Nash bargaining model is further introduced to ensure the fair allocation of cooperative benefits. Furthermore, the original Nash bargaining problem is decomposed into two tractable subproblems. To preserve the privacy of participating parks, an adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to solve the decomposed subproblems in a distributed manner while improving the convergence performance of the algorithm. Finally, case studies based on the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.