Theoretical audit uncovers composite mathematical origins for the fine-structure constant in an axiomatic geometric framework, highlighting fundamental constraints on its first-principles derivation.
A century of attempts to derive the fine‑structure constant has produced numerology, anthropic reasoning, renormalisation‑group narratives, and asymptotic‑safety programmes, all competing on the question of how α is obtained. This paper argues that a logically prior question has been under‑investigated: what kind of object α is, such that some routes to it must fail. Inside an axiomatic geometric framework (ZQCM) whose remaining parameters are first‑principles outputs, a complete audit of the derivability of α was conducted under a pre‑registered protocol (Zhao, 2026b). The audit yields a composite answer. The numerical content of αskel−1=137.00132 is theorem‑content, carried by a proven spectral contact theorem. The selection of its anchor is declared, carried by a cross‑category bridge postulate. The underivability of the constant admits four layered characterisations — phenomenological, ontological, procedural, and structural — each with numbered criteria and a documented negative ledger. An enhancement line reconstructs a licensed version of the hadronic vacuum‑polarisation weight from the living axioms (not the lost appendix itself), and the structural layer identifies α as the unique dimensionless cross‑departmental quantity in the framework's output space. The paper closes with the framework's falsifiability structure, its relation to the century of explanations, and an honest ledger of its own outstanding tensions.
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Qian Zhao (2026) studied this question.
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