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September 14, 2026BMC Plant BiologyOpen Access

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms enhance maize performance under salinity stress: a comprehensive meta-analysis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses

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Authors

AMAli MohammadzadehSGSara GhaffarianASAmir Gaffar Shahriari

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Overview

Meta-analysis demonstrates plant growth-promoting microorganisms improve growth and physiological resilience in salt-stressed maize, highlighting sustainable strategies for crop production.

Key Points

  • To systematically quantify the morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts of plant growth-promoting microorganisms on maize across varying salinity levels.
  • Synthesized data from 107 peer-reviewed publications following PRISMA guidelines using random-effects meta-analytic modelling.
  • Evaluated heterogeneity across microbial taxa, maize genotypes, and conditions, assessing publication bias with trim-and-fill and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses.
  • Conducted subgroup analyses focusing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ACC deaminase-producing microorganisms.
  • Inoculation increased biomass-related traits by approximately 25% to 40% under moderate salinity, alongside improvements in grain weight and leaf area.
  • Physiological parameters showed marked improvement, including a 15% to 30% increase in relative water content, a 20% to 45% reduction in electrolyte leakage, and restored K⁺/Na⁺ balances.
  • Defensive biochemical metabolites rose significantly, including soluble sugars (40% to 70%), glycine betaine (30% to 35%), flavonoids and phenolics (25% to 40%), and ascorbic acid (~30%).

Cite This Study

Mohammadzadeh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b2e10926e14a848b1707https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09871-2
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