Integrated TCM and Western medicine rehabilitation program after breast cancer surgery: a best evidence summary

Objective To systematically identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the best available evidence on integrated TCM and Western medicine rehabilitation program after breast cancer surgery, with the aim of providing evidence-based references to support clinical nursing practice. Methods This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines where applicable and the evidence summary development process proposed by the Fudan University Center for Evidence-based Nursing. Guided by the “5S” evidence pyramid model, a top-down systematic search was conducted across decision-support systems, guideline websites, professional organization websites, and major databases. The search period spanned from database inception to December 2025. Two reviewers independently performed literature screening, critical appraisal, and evidence extraction. Results A total of 29 articles were included, comprising three clinical decisions, three guidelines, eleven expert consensuses, one evidence summary, seven systematic reviews, and four randomized controlled trials. The synthesized evidence generated seven thematic domains: comprehensive assessment, postoperative functional exercise, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise prescriptions, precautions for exercise in special circumstances, appropriate traditional Chinese medicine techniques, and medical supervision and incentive strategies during exercise, yielding 27 evidence-based recommendations. Conclusions The 27 evidence-based recommendations across seven domains provide clinically meaningful guidance for integrated TCM and Western medicine rehabilitation program after breast cancer surgery. These recommendations offer an evidence-based framework for improving clinical practice. Healthcare professionals may apply the available evidence to clinical practice tailored to individual conditions, with the aim of improving patients’ postoperative quality of life. Registration The study protocol was registered with the Fudan University Center for Evidence-based Nursing ( http://ebn.nursing.fudan.edu.cn/home ). Registration number ES20259118 Systematic Review Registration http://ebn.nursing.fudan.edu.cn/home , ES20259118.