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September 14, 2026ACM Computing SurveysOpen Access

Exploring Backdoor Vulnerabilities and Fairness Challenges in Generative Models: A Survey

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Authors

RHRyan HollandSPShantanu PalLPLei Pan

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Overview

Systematic review synthesizes backdoor attacks and algorithmic bias in generative models, highlighting intersections between security threats and unfair automated decisions.

Key Points

  • The survey aims to evaluate the intersection of backdoor security vulnerabilities and fairness issues in generative artificial intelligence systems.
  • Synthesized state-of-the-art literature covering definitions, evaluation metrics, and methodologies for algorithmic bias, fairness attacks, and backdoor exploits in artificial intelligence.
  • Reviewed current defense mechanisms designed to mitigate backdoor vulnerabilities and reduce unfair discrimination in machine learning outputs.
  • Identified commonly used benchmark datasets, existing technical limitations, and open directions for future research.
  • Demonstrated that adversarial backdoor insertions directly exacerbate model bias, leading to disproportionate and discriminatory decisions against specific groups.
  • Identified critical gaps in existing defense mechanisms, showing that security countermeasures often fail to simultaneously ensure algorithmic fairness and model integrity.
  • Established that unifying fairness metrics with adversarial robustness is essential for building safe and ethical generative AI frameworks.

Cite This Study

Holland et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b3440926e14a848b2079https://doi.org/10.1145/3847107
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