Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal key metabolic pathway responses in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to facilitate arbovirus transmission under cold stress

Cold stress markedly alters the ability of Myzus persicae to acquire and transmit Potato virus Y (PVY). Using a synchronized multiomics approach combining electropenetrography, untargeted metabolomics and RNA-Seq, we found that cold stress reduced PVY expression and host choice rate and increased transmission efficiency, feeding frequency, and probing activity. At 5°C, aphids oriented toward PVY-infected tobacco within 2 h, with individuals acclimated for 1 day responding earlier than those exposed for 3 days. Metabolomic profiling revealed consistent enrichment of ABC transporters, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, and glycerophospholipid metabolism across treatments. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of fatty acid and steroid hormone biosynthesis under cold stress. Together, these data indicate that cold stress induces coordinated changes in behavior, metabolism, and transcriptional activity that enhance PVY transmission. The findings reveal interconnected behavioral and molecular adaptations through which low temperature increases vector competence. Cold stress (5°C) reprograms Myzus persicae to enhance potato virus Y transmission: aphids orient earlier to infected plants, increase phloem feeding, and show higher survival and transmission. Multiomics reveal changes in ABC transporters, lipids, and gene expression.