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Considers the optimisation of apparatus parameters and the order of precision attainable in measurements on live mammalian subjects using an isocentric (planning simulator type) X-ray apparatus. A concise derivation is presented of the calculation of spatial coordinates of a 'marker point' from its radiograph shadow 'spot' coordinates. The sensitivity of the calculated marker-point coordinates to errors in film measurement and determination of apparatus parameters is calculated. Experimental results are presented which are in agreement with these calculations and which show that when suitably small X-ray opaque markers are used, so that shadow spot positions can be measured with
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Sherlock et al. (1980) studied this question.
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