Development of 3D-printed female genital models to improve consent, education, and medico-legal communication

WHAT WAS THE EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE?: Public and professional understanding of female genital anatomy is limited, affecting informed consent, clinical communication, and medico-legal interpretation in cases of sexual violence and female genital mutilation (FGM). Two-dimensional diagrams fail to convey the three-dimensional structure of the vulva, making explanations difficult for patients, students, and legal professionals. WHAT WAS THE SOLUTION?: We developed modular, dismantlable 3D-printed vulva and hymen models in prepubertal and adult versions. They feature detachable anatomical components, hymenal variants, and FGM configurations, using bright, non-anatomical colors to ensure clarity and inclusivity. HOW WAS THE SOLUTION IMPLEMENTED?: The models were used in clinical consultations to support informed consent and explain medico-legal findings; in medical and legal education to illustrate anatomical variability and debunk myths; and in courtrooms to help judges and juries understand forensic evidence. WHAT LESSONS WERE LEARNED THAT ARE RELEVANT FOR A WIDER GLOBAL AUDIENCE?: Anatomical literacy is crucial for patient autonomy and justice. 3D models enable clear, inclusive, and interactive education, countering persistent misconceptions about female anatomy. WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS?: Formal evaluation is planned to assess knowledge impact. Wider dissemination across clinical, legal, and public health contexts is underway.