Milk Tester: Simultaneous Detection of Fat Content and Adulteration

This article reports an integrated milk-testing instrument for the simultaneous detection of fat content and adulterants in milk. The prototype consists of a small temperature control system and an integrated signal conditioning circuit for fat and adulteration detection. The calibration methodology of the instrument with respect to a proposed standard solution is illustrated in detail. Different modules of the prototype are explained with the analysis of the error that occurred in different segments. Power consumed by the modules is measured to improve the design of the instrument for fieldwork. The proposed instrument is also compared with the commercially available milk-testing instruments to understand the market challenges. In addition to this, a study is carried out to understand the chemical kinetics behavior of the sensors in milk for the selection of operating frequency.