Chinese clinical practice guidelines for total intravenous anaesthesia: a systematic review and expert consensus-based recommendations☆

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) has been widely used for general anaesthesia in clinical practice. In order to further promote the standardised application of TIVA in China, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology of the Chinese Medical Association organised experts to formulate these clinical practice guidelines for TIVA. After collection and selection of clinical questions, the working group conducted rigorous searches of the literature, formulated recommendations, and reached a consensus. A total of 22 recommendations were made on 12 clinical issues, including the indications, contraindications, and advantages of TIVA, use of depth of anaesthesia monitoring during implementation, pharmacological characteristics of available i.v. anaesthetic drugs, selection and use of drugs in target- and nontarget-controlled infusion modes, and precautions for application of TIVA in special populations, thus providing guidance for anaesthetists to standardise implementation of TIVA.