Effectiveness of Biochar for Sorption of Ammonium and Phosphate from Dairy Effluent

The use of biochar for recovery of excess nutrients in dairy manure effluent and the use of nutrient-enriched biochar as soil amendment can offer a robust solution for multiple environmental issues. In this study we determined the capacity of biochar, produced by pyrolyzing mixed hardwood feedstock at 300°C, to adsorb and retain or release two major nutrient ions: ammonium (NH) and phosphate (PO). We conducted the experiment using a range of nutrient concentrations that represent those commonly observed in dairy manure effluent (0-50 mg L for PO and 0-1000 mg L for NH). Up to 5.3 mg g NH and 0.24 mg g PO was adsorbed from manure by biochar (18 and 50% of total amount in the manure slurry, respectively). During the desorption phase of the experiment, biochar retained 78 to 91% of the sorbed NH and 60% of the sorbed PO at reaction times <24 h. Our findings confirm that biochar can be used for recovering excess nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural water, such as dairy manure effluent.