Removal Pharmaceutical Contaminants from Water and Wastewater: A review

The use of pharmaceuticals is an integral part of global human health care and is used to treat diseases affecting humans and animals. However, in recent years there has been growing concern that they are present in sewage and are an environmental pollutant. Many studies refer to the toxicity and harmful effects of medicines, even at low concentrations, and it is therefore necessary to develop effective techniques for the removal of these pollutants. These studies indicate that biological treatment is not sufficient to decompose natural water and prevent contamination. Chemical processes such as advanced oxidation methods can disable, convert, or mineralize painkillers into simpler molecules and compounds. It is a very complex and costly technique that remains. For physical techniques, it is the most appropriate way to remove pharmaceuticals such as adsorption, which is the most efficient way to remove organic compounds from sewage. It is important to consider the efficiency of the removal and classification of pharmaceuticals during sewage and drinking water treatments. Analyzing view, methods capable of analyzing pharmaceuticals are explained with different efficiencies than those based on advanced biological and chemical adsorption and oxidation