Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: A Scoping Review

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Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare cause of sensorineural hearing loss, typically characterized by progressive bilateral hearing loss and vestibular symptoms. Diagnosing AIED is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers and its overlapping clinical features with other causes of hearing loss. This scoping review examines the recent advancements in the diagnostic approaches for AIED from 2020 to 2024, focusing on studies indexed in SCI, MEDLINE, and INSPEC. The review highlights progress in laboratory tests, imaging techniques, and genetic assessments, and discusses the implications of these advances in improving early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.