Growth and production of sunflower H-251 under the effects of the application of dilutions of water produced from petroleum

One of the main environmental challenges of the oil and natural gas industry is the proper disposal of large volumes of water produced during extraction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying dilutions of produced water on the morphometric and nutritional characteristics of sunflower. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse set up on the west campus of the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid. The experimental model used was randomized blocks with five treatments D0 (100% groundwater - UW and 0% produced water - TPW); D25 (75% UW and 25% TPW); D50 (50% UW and 50% TPW); D75 (25% UW and 75% TPW); and D100 (0% UW and 100% TPW) and five replicates. The sunflower was grown in 32-L pots filled with gravel (n° 0) at the base and with soil (Typical Dystrophic Red Argisol). The chemical characteristics of the aerial part (head, stem, and leaves) and roots were analyzed and subjected to analysis of variance, mean test, and orthogonal contrasts. An increase in the diameter of the stem and head (upper part of the sunflower) was observed by 77% and 65%, respectively, at their maximum values ​​due to the application of diluted TPW. The dilutions only had an effect on Zn in the leaves and on Na in the roots.