Prevention of Postoperative Infections: Assessment of Current Preventive Measures to Minimize the Risk of Infections Following Surgery, Including Antibiotic Administration and Sterilization Techniques

Introduction: the incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) is a growing concern in contemporary healthcare due to its implications for patient prognosis and the additional costs it incurs on the healthcare system. While various preventive strategies have been employed, such as antibiotic administration and diverse sterilization techniques, the current landscape necessitates a meticulous evaluation of their efficacy in minimizing SSIs.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of current preventive measures, including prophylactic antibiotic administration and sterilization techniques, in minimizing the risk of postoperative infections.Methodology: a systematic review of the literature was conducted, which included randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and prior reviews, to assess the impact of preventive strategies on the incidence of SSIs. The databases consulted were MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.Results: the systematic review initially identified 85 relevant studies, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. After a thorough analysis, only 12 articles remained that confirm the effectiveness of preventive measures, especially the administration of prophylactic drugs and advanced sterilization techniques, in reducing postoperative infections. The studies provide solid evidence of the reduction in infection incidence through these strategies.Conclusions: current preventive measures, including antibiotic administration and advanced sterilization techniques, appear to be effective in reducing SSIs. However, careful monitoring is essential to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. A multidisciplinary approach that combines various preventive strategies is recommended for more effective management of SSIs