Key result
Refined dual typing system expands sapovirus VP1 genogroups and identifies new P-groups using adjusted cutoffs.
Why the study?
As sequence numbers grow and more recombinant sequences are identified, the classification criteria of genogroups and genotypes of sapovirus need refinement.
Observational (n=860)
Establishes a refined dual typing system for sapoviruses based on VP1 and RdRp sequences, improving the classification of these genetically diverse viruses.
BACKGROUND: The genus Sapovirus in the family Caliciviridae comprises of a genetically diverse group of viruses that are responsible for causing acute gastroenteritis in both human and animals globally. As the number of sequences continues to grow and more recombinant sequences are identified, the classification criteria of genogroups and genotypes of sapovirus need to be further refined. In this study, we aimed to optimize the classification of sapoviruses. RESULTS: Through evolutionary clustering and genetic distance analysis, we have updated the classification criteria for VP1 genogroup and genotypes. We adjusted the original mean values ± 3 standard deviations (SD) of genetic distances to mean values ± 2.5SD, resulting the corresponding cutoff values for the same genotype and genogroup set at <0.161 and <0.503, respectively. Additionally, we established classification criteria for RdRp types and groups, referred to as P-types and P-groups,, with mean values ± 2SD and cutoff values of <0.266 and <0.531 for the same type and group, respectively. This refinement has expanded the VP1 genogroups to thirty-four and identified twenty-four P-groups. For human sapoviruses, the new criteria have resulted in the addition of one genotype, GV.PNA1. Moreover, the new criteria defined three P-groups and 21 P-types for human sapoviruses. Spatial-temporal analysis revealed no specific distribution pattern for human sapoviruses. CONCLUSIONS: We established a dual typing system on classification based on VP1 and RdRp nucleotide sequences for sapoviruses.
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Zhao et al. (2024) conducted an observational in Sapovirus (n=860). Dual typing system based on VP1 and RdRp nucleotide sequences vs. Previous classification criteria (mean values ± 3SD) was evaluated on Classification criteria for VP1 genogroup/genotypes and RdRp types/groups. A refined dual typing system for sapoviruses expanded VP1 genogroups to 34 and identified 24 P-groups by adjusting genetic distance cutoff values to mean ± 2.5SD for VP1 and mean ± 2SD for RdRp.
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