The gain and bandwidth characteristics of circularly polarized (CP) arrays comprising of rotated linearly polarized (LP) elements and hybrid-fed CP elements are presented. It is found that for small element spacing, the gain of the LP elements' array is comparable with that of the CP elements' array; however for large element spacing the former shows significantly lower gain than the latter. Furthermore, the bandwidth of a rotating LP elements' array is narrower than that of a CP elements' array. The bandwidth difference is explained invoking Floquet modal theory and the cavity model of a patch antenna. Variations of gain and bandwidth with element spacing are studied using a full wave analysis and the results for slot-fed and probe-fed patch arrays are shown. The advantages and disadvantages of rotating LP elements' arrays are discussed.
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A. Bhattacharyya (2008) studied this question.
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