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Experimental study demonstrates enhanced erosion resistance and dynamic performance in cotton–Kevlar intra-ply epoxy composites, suggesting optimal weave and hybrid filler combinations.
This work experimentally investigates the impact of weaving architecture, filler loading (1 and 5 wt.%), and impingement angle (30°, 60°, and 90°) on the erosion rate and vibrational performance of cobalt ferrite and clamshell powder added Kevlar/cotton intra-ply (plain, basket, and twill weaves) fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Erosion results revealed a dependence on fabric architecture and impingement angle. The basket weave 1 wt.% filler addition (KCB1) had the lowest erosion rate of 0.0505 × 10−4 g/g at 90°, whereas plain weave without filler (KCP) showed the highest erosion rate of 5.7576 × 10−4 g/g at 30°. According to Taguchi analysis, KCB1 had the highest ratio of 25.9333 dB, while KCP had the lowest ratio of −15.2048 dB. Based on ANOVA data, impingement angle is identified as the most influential parameter, followed by weaving architecture and filler concentration. Improved dynamic performance with filler addition was shown by free vibration analysis. Plain weave composites with 5 wt.% filler (KCP5) exhibited the highest natural frequencies of mode 1 (58.6 Hz) and mode 2 (273.4 Hz), while basket weave composites with 5 wt.% filler (KCB5) showed the lowest damping factor for mode 1 (0.0018) and mode 2 (0.0007), indicating enhanced stiffness and energy dissipation.
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S et al. (2026) studied this question.
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