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We report x-ray reflectivity measurements of liquid mercury between -36 ^∘{}C and +25 ^∘{}C. The surface structure can be described by a layered density profile convolved with a thermal roughness σT. The layering has a spacing of 2.72 {} and an exponential decay length of 5.0 {}. Surprisingly, σT is found to increase considerably faster with temperature than the √T behavior predicted by capillary wave theory, in contrast with previous measurements on Ga and dielectric liquids.
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DiMasi et al. (1998) studied this question.
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