A global profile of glucose-sensitive endothelial-expressed long non-coding RNAs

Hyperglycemia-related endothelial dysfunction is believed to be the crux of diabetes-associated micro- and macro-vascular complications. We conducted a systematic transcriptional survey to screen for human endothelial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulated by elevated glucose levels. lncRNAs and protein-coding transcripts from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under high (25 mmol/L) or normal (5 mmol/L) glucose conditions for 24 h were profiled with the Arraystar Human LncRNA Expression Microarray V3.0. Of the 30 586 lncRNAs screened, 100 were significantly upregulated and 186 appreciably downregulated (P < 0.05) in response to high-glucose exposure. In the same HUVEC samples, 133 of the 26 109 mRNAs screened were upregulated and 166 downregulated. Of these 299 differentially expressed mRNAs, 26 were significantly associated with 28 differentially expressed long intergenic non-coding RNAs (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the mRNAs most upregulated are primarily enriched in axon guidance signaling pathways; those most downregulated are notably involved in pathways targeting vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, dopaminergic signaling, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and adrenergic signaling. This is the first lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome profile of high-glucose-mediated changes in human endothelial cells. These observations may prove novel insights into novel regulatory molecules and pathways of hyperglycemia-related endothelial dysfunction and, accordingly, diabetes-associated vascular disease.