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Stable well-defined pincer-type N-heterocyclic carbene−ruthenium complexes were developed as an alternative to phosphine complexes. These highly stable phosphine-free complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for transfer hydrogen reactions: the conversion of primary alcohols to esters and the reduction of carbonyl compounds. We also describe one approach toward immobilization through covalent bonding to silica via a pendant alkoxysilane group.
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Pozo et al. (2011) studied this question.
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