An exceptional survival in an unoperated tetralogy of Fallot in a 66-year-old man: A case report

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in children which comprises an overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It has an elevated early mortality rate without surgical correction, with most patients dying in childhood. Only 2% of patients survive past the age of 40 years without surgical intervention. Very few cases of survival to middle age have been reported, particularly after the fourth decade. In this article, we present a case of a 66-year-old male with an unoperated tetralogy of Fallot, which is one of the longest time periods of diagnosis. Despite tetralogy and having right ventricular dysfunction, this patient presented with fatigue, exertional dyspnea, cyanosis, and systemic hypertension. Considering the patient's comorbid conditions and the risk associated with the surgery, the patient was managed conservatively. To our knowledge, this is the oldest unoperated tetralogy of Fallot case reported in Nepal.