Antibody format matters: A comparative analysis of VHH and scFv domains reveals superior in vivo CAR T cell function with VHH domains

Δ7.85°C), reduced aggregation, and a favorable surface charge. CARs incorporating a VHH demonstrated higher IL2 and IFNγ secretion than scFv-derived CARs during in vitro analysis and substantially enhanced survival and decreased tumor burden in a xenograft murine model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This comprehensive comparison of the two most adopted antibody classes provides a rationale for the selection of VHH as preferred CAR binding domains.