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The manufacturing of ceramic tiles in EU generates wastes at different stages of the production process. A significant percentage of these wastes are recycled into the current ceramic products and processes, however nowadays it is not possible to recycle all the waste generated. As a result, an important amount of waste is destined to landfills or used as very low add-valued fillers. LIFECERAM project's main objective is to achieve zero-waste in the manufacture of ceramic tiles through the development of tiles for urban paving with high content of ceramic wastes. The tiles will be manufactured with a highly sustainable body preparation process, based on dry milling and granulation technologies.Although the project is still ongoing, body compositions with 100% of ceramic wastes (fired scraps, green scraps and glaze sludge) have been developed at laboratory scale using the manufacturing process proposed. The recycling of the rest of ceramic wastes (dust from kiln filters and polishing sludge) in the body composition will be investigated at the next phase of the project, in which leaching tests and gaseous emissions during firing will be tested.
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García-Ten et al. (2015) studied this question.